Squanto, a Wampanoag native of Patuxet, was kidnapped by an English sea captain in 1614, returning to his homeland with an English explorer in 1619. Samoset brought Tisquantum (Squanto) to meet the colonists. While they occasionally saw Native People from a distance, it was not until March 1 of 1621 that an Abenaki named Samoset entered the little village of Plymouth, "saluted us in English and bade us ‘Welcome!’ for he had learned some broken English among the Englishmen that came to fish at Monhegan. The weakened group of colonists worked hard to build houses and gather food. The Europeans also believed their colonizing effort was justified by the introduction of the Christian religion. Seventeenth-century Europeans believed that their colonizing effort was justified because they were "improving" the land in European ways of intensive farming and permanent villages. The English were moving into a region where Native Peoples already lived. Colonies would also be markets for English goods. Colonies would provide England with her own spices, medicines and dyes. England faced stiff competition in trade from Holland, Spain and France. Economics were important in colonizing the Americas. It was a short step from exploration to colonization. Squanto remained with the colonists until his death in 1622. He lost Massasoit's favor when his plot to create a personal power base was discovered. In 1621, Squanto served as guide and interpreter between Massasoit and the Pilgrims. He discovered his village was vacant, emptied by disease. There he became acquainted with English explorer Thomas Dermer, sailing back to New England with him in 1619. In 1614, Thomas Hunt, an unscrupulous English sea captain, kidnapped several Natives, including Squanto, and sold them in Spain. Tisquantum, or Squanto, was a Wampanoag native of Patuxet (today's Plymouth). The French were joined by Basques, Dutch and, by the early 17th century, by the English. The Native houses, known as "wetus," can be seen surrounded by cornfields.Ĭhamplain's account of his explorations, including the map drawn during his stay in Plymouth Harbor, was published in Paris in 1613.īy the time of the Pilgrims' arrival in 1620, Patuxet had been devastated by disease and abandoned by its Native inhabitants.Ĭlick here for a larger view of Champlain's map and for Champlain's written description of Plymouth Bay. While waiting for the tide to come in, he drew a map, the only drawing of Plymouth showing the Native community of Patuxet. In 1605, Samuel de Champlain (of France) explored the New England coast. In 1605, he sketched what is now Plymouth Bay. Samuel de Champlain explored the Northeast coast for the French in the early 1600s. Throughout the 16th century, the French fishermen and traders explored the coast. The Native Peoples of New England were familiar with Europeans. Artifacts made of other materials, such as wood, plant fibers and hide, seldom survive. Some activities represented by these stone artifacts are fishing, hunting, woodworking, cooking and recreation. By 1620, Patuxet was depopulated those who survived had left to join other communities.Īrchaeological objects made of stone survive but represent only a small part of local Native material culture before 1600. Today's Plymouth was the site of the thriving Wampanoag community of Patuxet. Massasoit's relationship with the Pilgrims, part of his active diplomacy, was strengthened when Edward Winslow saved his life in 1623. Massasoit's mission was to forge alliances where he could - with other Native groups and with English colonists to ensure his people's survival. His people, who had been devastated by disease, were threatened by the powerful Narragansetts. In 1620, he was of middle years and firmly established as a strong, dignified and subtle leader. His headquarters were in Rhode Island, 40 miles to the southwest of Plymouth. Massasoit was the most powerful leader, or sachem, of the several tribes of the Wampanoag nation. Not all communities were affected the Narragansett in today's Rhode Island remained strong and threatened the Wampanoag. Others, such as the Wampanoag led by Massasoit, were weakened but survived. This European contact introduced, around 1615, an infectious disease for which the Native population had no immunity. The Native Peoples were familiar with Europeans, who had been exploring and fishing here since the 16th century. The Wampanoag have lived in southeastern New England for thousands of years, farming and fishing and hunting in a seasonal cycle. At the end of March they begin to break up the earth with mattocks." " support themselves by hunting, and when the spring comes, by fishing. Home > About the Pilgrims > Who Were the Native People Pilgrim Hall Museum - About the Pilgrims - Who Were the Native People
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